Ibirahuri bifunga ubururu, ukeneye kubyambara?

Itara ry'ubururu ni uburebure buke buri hagati ya 400 na 500nm, kikaba igice cyingenzi cyumucyo usanzwe.Byari bishimishije kubona ikirere cyubururu ninyanja yubururu.Kuki mbona ikirere ninyanja ari ubururu?Ibyo ni ukubera ko urumuri rugufi rw'ubururu ruturuka ku zuba rutatanye n'ibice bikomeye hamwe n'umwuka w'amazi mu kirere ukinjira mu jisho, bigatuma ikirere kigaragara nk'ubururu.Iyo izuba ryakubise hejuru yinyanja, imiraba myinshi yakirwa ninyanja, mugihe urumuri rwubururu mumurambararo mugufi wumucyo ugaragara ntirwinjizwa, rugaragarira mumaso bigatuma inyanja igaragara nkubururu.

Ingaruka yumucyo wubururu bivuga ko urumuri rwubururu rushobora kugera ku kigega mu buryo butaziguye, kandi ibikorwa bya fotokimiki biterwa no guhura bishobora kwangiza ingirabuzimafatizo ya retinal na retinal pigment epithelial selile (RPE), bikaviramo kwangirika kwimyaka.Ariko nyuma yimyaka myinshi yubushakashatsi, abahanga basanze uburebure buke bwumucyo wubururu (munsi ya 450nm) aribwo butera kwangirika kwamaso, kandi ibyangiritse bifitanye isano nigihe nigipimo cyumucyo wubururu.

Ibikoresho byo kumurika LED bikoreshwa cyane mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi byangiza urumuri rwubururu?Amatara ya LED asohora urumuri rwera mugukangura fosifori yumuhondo na chip yubururu.Mubihe byubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwamabara, hari igikonjo gikomeye mumurongo wubururu wumucyo utanga urumuri.Bitewe nuko hariho ubururu muri bande iri munsi ya 450nm, birakenewe kugenzura urumuri ntarengwa cyangwa kumurika LED murwego rutekanye kugirango amatara asanzwe murugo.Niba muri 100kcd · m - 2 cyangwa 1000lx, ubwo bicuruzwa ntabwo byangiza urumuri rwubururu.

Ibikurikira nuburyo bwa IEC62471 bwumutekano wubururu (ukurikije amaso yemerewe kugena igihe cyo gutondekanya), iki gipimo kirakoreshwa kumasoko yose yumucyo atari laser, yemerwa cyane nibihugu:
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Kugeza ubu, amatara akoreshwa nk'itara rya LED mu buzima bwa buri munsi ashyirwa mu byiciro nk'icyiciro cya Zeru n'icyiciro cya mbere.Niba ari ibyiciro bibiri, bafite ibirango byateganijwe ("Amaso ntashobora kureba").Impanuka yubururu bwamatara ya LED nandi masoko yumucyo arasa, niba murwego rwumutekano, ayo masoko namatara bikoreshwa muburyo busanzwe, bitagira ingaruka kumaso yabantu.Inzego za leta zo mu gihugu n’amahanga n’amashyirahamwe y’inganda zamurika zakoze ubushakashatsi bwimbitse no kugerageza kugereranya kuri fotobiosafeti y’amatara atandukanye na sisitemu yamatara.Sitasiyo Yumucyo Yumucyo nubugenzuzi bwa Shanghai yapimwe ingero 27 za LED ziva ahantu hatandukanye, 14 muri zo zikaba ziri mubyiciro bitari ibyago naho 13 muri zo zikaba ari iz’icyiciro cya mbere.Ni byiza rero.

Kurundi ruhande, tugomba nanone kwitondera ingaruka nziza zumucyo wubururu kumubiri.Abashakashatsi basanze utugingo ngengabuzima twitwa retl ganglion (ipRGC) tugaragaza opmelanine, ishinzwe ingaruka z’ibinyabuzima zitagaragara mu mubiri kandi zikagenga injyana ya circadian.Optic melanin reseptor yunvikana kuri 459-485 nm, aricyo gice cyubururu bwubururu.Itara ry'ubururu rigenga injyana ya sikadiyani nko gutera umutima, kuba maso, gusinzira, ubushyuhe bw'umubiri no kwerekana imiterere ya gene bigira ingaruka ku gusohora kwa melanine optique.Niba injyana ya circadian ihungabanye, nibibi cyane kubuzima bwabantu.Itara ry'ubururu naryo ryavuzwe ko rivura indwara nko kwiheba, guhangayika no guta umutwe.Icya kabiri, itara ry'ubururu naryo rifitanye isano rya bugufi no kureba nijoro.Iyerekwa rya nijoro rikorwa ningirabuzimafatizo zumva urumuri, mugihe urumuri rwubururu rukora cyane cyane kuri selile.Kurinda cyane urumuri rwubururu bizatuma kugabanuka kwijoro.Ubushakashatsi bw’inyamaswa nabwo bwerekanye ko urumuri rugufi-rumuri nkurumuri rwubururu rushobora kubuza myopiya mu nyamaswa zigerageza.

Muri rusange, ntidukwiye gusobanura ingaruka mbi zumucyo wubururu kumaso.Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki byujuje ubuziranenge bimaze gushungura byangiza urumuri rugufi rwubururu, ubusanzwe ntacyo bitwaye.Ibirahuri bifunga ubururu bifite agaciro gusa iyo bihuye nurwego rwo hejuru nigihe kirekire cyurumuri rwubururu, kandi abakoresha bagomba kwirinda kureba neza aho bituruka.Iyo uhisemoibirahuri byubururu, ugomba guhitamo gukingira urumuri rwangiza-rugufi rwubururu munsi ya 450nm hanyuma ukagumana urumuri rwubururu rufite akamaro hejuru ya 450nm mumurongo muremure.